| 內容主題 | 詳細總結 |
|---|---|
| 山海關的選擇 | 夏季期間，北京空氣悶熱，人們渴望逃離不宜人的街道，於是選擇山海關作為度假地，因其豐富的歷史背景。火車穿越長城，旅程雖然漫長但愉快，途經壯麗的山脈和歷史悠久的要塞。 |
| 山海關的歷史和現狀 | 長城在山海關結束，這裡曾是多國軍隊駐守的邊境，現在有許多外國軍營和堡壘。儘管長城的東端部分已經被毀壞，但這裡仍保留著許多古老的廟宇和白樺林，為軍官們提供了療養的場所。 |
| 風景和自然之美 | 山海關的風景迷人，特別是在日落時分，水面反射的光線和樹林間的色彩變幻使這裡成為一個如詩如畫的地方。國際俱樂部的風景尤為美麗，藍色的山脈作為背景，讓這裡成為一個令人流連忘返的度假勝地。 |
| 北戴河的特色與比較 | 北戴河與山海關相比，靠近海邊，沒有耕地和樹木，風直接來自海洋，這使得北戴河成為一個無與倫比的海濱度假勝地。這裡的房屋都有自己的海景，而北戴河的特殊之處在於它從廢墟開始建設。 |
| 北戴河的海水浴與兒童健康 | 北戴河的海水浴場環境宜人，水溫適中，吸引許多人每天兩次前來沐浴。孩子們在這裡享受健康的生活，他們的紅潤面頰和快樂笑容展示了北戴河對他們健康的積極影響。 |
| 北戴河的風景與長城的壯麗 | 北戴河的自然風景令人驚嘆，特別是在東崖，廣闊的海景與遠處的藍色山脈形成了夢幻般的景象。從這裡可以看到許多散佈在長城沿線的瞭望塔，顯示出長城的歷史壯麗和建造的非凡技藝。 |
| 忽必烈汗的旅行與狩獵 | 馬可·波羅描述了忽必烈汗的奢華旅行和狩獵活動，他乘坐由四頭大象抬著的廂房，隨行有眾多的獵鷹和隨從，這展現了蒙古帝國皇帝的豐富生活和高超的狩獵技巧。 |
| 秦皇島的未來潛力 | 秦皇島作為北中國唯一全年開放的港口，具有重要的戰略意義。儘管目前尚未完全建設完成，但未來有望成為一個重要的貿易中心，與上海競爭土地價值。這裡的各國國旗展示了各國對這片土地的競爭。 |
| 海邊的娛樂與歷史遺跡 | 在秦皇島，人們可以享受溫暖的海浪和天然的娛樂場所。北戴河的廢墟增添了歷史感和神秘感，讓人想起1900年的大災難，這些遺跡可能會成為未來的歷史遺址，吸引人們思考和紀念那段歷史。 |
這個表格對第八章的主要內容進行了詳細總結，涵蓋了從山海關的選擇、自然風景、北戴河的特點與比較、到秦皇島的未來潛力等多個方面。這些內容可以幫助讀者更好地理解該章節的核心思想。
July and August.
The trees in the garden were all coming into i flower, and what we had thought the only deficiency in our garden in a fair way to be supplied, but the air felt heavy. To go out into the unsavoury streets of Peking seemed the most unprofitable thing one could do, and all the time people were talking of the many delights of the seaside places, brought within easy reach by the new railway. Our only difficulty was to decide to which to go. In the end we settled upon Shan-hai-kwan, because of its historical associations. A long but on the whole enjoyable day's journey took us there. The river, that comes down from Jehol, crossed the line at a singularly wellsituated little town with a fortress perched high up, itself coming out of a deep gorge with an abrupt turn. After that the line skirted the fine range of mountains that serves for one of China's defences, although Shih Hwang- ti thought it necessary to supplement it. Some twenty centuries ago he conceived the grand idea "thousands at his bidding sped," scaled mountains and descended into valleys to build the great barrier that was for ever to shut out the nomads of the grasslands from the pleasant pastures of China and tempting riches of the Chinese Empire. In order that no one then should dispute his authority he ordered all the books to be burnt, thus aiming a deadly blow at the literati, the most powerful body in China. But the books survived in men's memories, they were rewritten, and his descendants have ever since been instructed in their tenets. And there on the Great Wall itself were now encamped the burly, white-capped, white-bloused descendants of those ancient nomads, the Bouriat Cossacks of to-day, beating down the Chinese crops with their drill, and in the evening singing sweet, sad hymns.
VIII 海濱度假勝地
七月和八月
花園裡的樹木都開始開花了，我們曾經認為花園中唯一的不足之處正在逐漸被彌補，但空氣卻顯得沉悶。走出家門，進入北京那不甚宜人的街道，似乎是最無益的事情，而此時人們卻不斷談論著那些海邊度假地的許多樂趣，隨著新鐵路的開通，這些地方已變得觸手可及。我們唯一的困難是決定去往哪裡。最後我們選擇了山海關，因為它的歷史淵源。經過漫長但總體愉快的一天旅程，我們抵達了那裡。
那條從熱河流下來的河流，在一個極為適宜的小鎮與鐵路線相交，該鎮有一座高高矗立的堡壘，堡壘本身位於一個深邃峽谷的急轉彎處。之後，鐵路沿著一片雄偉的山脈延伸，這是中國的一道天然防線，儘管秦始皇認為有必要加以補充。大約二十世紀前，他構思了這一宏偉的計劃，“千人應命而去”，攀登高山、深入山谷，建造起這道巨大的屏障，意在永遠將草原上的遊牧民族隔絕在外，使他們無法侵入中國的美麗牧場和誘人的財富。為了讓任何人都無法挑戰他的權威，他命令燒毀所有書籍，對中國最具影響力的文人階層發起了致命一擊。但這些書籍在人的記憶中倖存下來，它們被重新書寫，他的後代們自此便一直受其教義的熏陶。而如今，在那萬里長城上，正駐紮著那些古老遊牧民族的健壯後裔，身著白色帽子和白色上衣的布里亞特哥薩克人，他們在進行演習時踐踏著中國的農田，傍晚則唱起甜美而悲傷的聖歌。
All trains, both those eastward bound to Newchwang and those westward bound to Tientsin, stop for the night at Shan-hai-kwan. Thus all travellers have the reality of the Great Wall forced home upon them, for does not the railway cut right through it ? When we were there, a Chinese guard still turned out to salute incoming and outgoing trains, and little knots of Chinese might still be seen going through European drill, and going through it well, but the feature of the place then was the foreign barracks and forts in foreign occupation
" Upon the Chinese frontier, where The watchers of six nations stand Near one another, Guarding the world's peace/ 1
Though but for the great forbearance and selfrestraint shown by the British officers, we often
Thought threatening the world's peace would be more appropriate. For the soldiers of six nations were standing guarding the frontier between China and Manchuria. They could hardly have been as near together at Bokhara, of which Matthew Arnold writes; certainly not nearer.
SEASIDE RESOETS 111
Fort One, which a British midshipman captured for England, was at first occupied by the men of several nations, and even when we knew it, Indian and Russian soldiers slept opposite each other, flanked by their respective officers, small though it was. Picturesquely situated on a small hill, it marked the exact spot where the Great Wall ended at the sea.
There were picturesque old temples among groves of white-stemmed poplars beside clear winding streams, which the Germans had adapted for officers' quarters and convalescent stations, all to be reached from the railway by the old road, along which a Chinese General, years ago, planted an avenue of trees.
When the water in the streams was banked up by a high tide, and the sunset light reflected upon them and the trees interspersed among them, the rich play of color made of the place a sort of enchanted region. The view from the International Club, among pretty woods, with a piece of water in front mirroring the scene, and the fine range of blue mountains, which here draws nearer, backing it, was always beautiful.
The club itself could not have looked gayer if a ball had been going to be held there every night, dressed as it was permanently with the flags of the six nations and one specially large flag composed of them all. But the immemorial interest of Shan-hai-kwan for two thousand years and more has been the Great Wall A few years ago people recollect it intact there with battlements and towers going down to its eastern termination in the sea, but the soldiers of the six nations found it a convenient quarry for building materials, and so now its seaward end is in a somewhat ruined condition.