***AN ANNIVERSARY STUDY OF AUGUST, 1900***
1900年8月紀念性研究
| 段落/主題 | 內容概要 |
|---|---|
| 背景與引言 | 作者回憶一年前曾經參觀過的房間，並感慨是否有機會再次踏入中國皇帝的私密場所。她描繪了北京故宮的歷史與現況，提及義和團運動對北京造成的影響。 |
| 訪問北京的經歷 | 作者提到北京的名勝古跡，包括翰林院、北堂（Pehtang）等地的破壞，回顧了義和團運動期間外國使節和傳教士如何在北京求生的經歷，並表達了對這些破壞的痛惜。 |
| 文化破壞與影響 | 討論了北京文化遺產的破壞，如翰林院和教堂等地。她對文化破壞表示痛惜，並提到教堂和文化場所如何被摧毀。 |
| 天壇的描寫 | 描述了天壇的莊嚴與神聖，強調其在中國文化和宗教中的重要性。她詳細描述了天壇的結構及其象徵意義，特別是皇帝在此進行祭天儀式的場景。 |
| 對中西文化的對比 | 提到外國士兵和各國軍隊如何在北京聚集，並比較了不同國家的文化和行為差異。她對中西文化的碰撞進行了觀察和反思，並探討了這些互動對中國的影響。 |
| 故宮的描述與反思 | 作者詳細描述了故宮的建築和氣勢，並反思了它在中國歷史中的重要性。她提到曾經幻想偽裝成中國人潛入故宮，並感嘆故宮的宏偉與莊嚴。 |
| 結論與感想 | 回顧了她在北京的經歷，表達了對北京這座古老城市的深厚感情。她反思了北京的變遷，並討論了未來北京在沒有皇帝的情況下是否還有意義。 |
以下是《PEKING REVISITED: INTRODUCTORY AN ANNIVERSARY STUDY OF AUGUST, 1900》這一章節的內容概括，以表格形式呈現：
這張表格將章節的主要內容按照不同的主題進行了概括，提供了一個清晰的總覽。
Standing a year before in that chamber painted all round with fiercest lions, where the Mikado of Japan used to sleep surrounded by ladies of the court, because no mere man was held worthy of sufficient trust to approach so near the sovereign’s sacred person, I wondered should I ever stand in the Emperor of China’s private apartments. Now with the dust of the Forbidden City still clinging to my skirts, I begin to count upon yet one day visiting Lhassa, possibly even interviewing the great Lama, that one remaining ruler yet held in adoration and confinement.
一年前，我曾站在一個四周繪滿猛獅的房裡，這曾是日本天皇在宮女環繞下的睡房，因為當時沒有任何普通人能獲得足夠的信任，接近君主聖軀。當時不禁想到，我某天能站在中國皇帝的私密宮殿裡。如今，紫禁城的塵土仍然沾在我的裙子上，我開始計劃有朝一日能夠訪問拉薩，甚至有可能與那位被世人崇敬且仍然被幽禁的偉大喇嘛會面。
We visit Rome and Athens to marvel at their ruined monuments, but it is the monumental ruins of Peking, the city of mixed memories, that move our wonder now. When I was there fifteen years ago no one ever cared to visit the Southern or the Eastern Cathedrals. To-day the shattered, tottering wall, holding out its gaping windows to the eastern Tartar city, is gazed upon in silence and tears. We do not know how many murders—martyrdoms—those eyeless windows witnessed but last summer. Even the Pehtang or Northern Cathedral, when intact, was but a fine church, built to replace that earlier Northern Cathedral to which the Dowager Empress had objected as overlooking her garden, and which was therefore just about to be ceded to her on the occasion of our previous visit. But now its façade riddled with shot, its aisles propped up by many beams, the trees behind with their bark gnawed off—one of the Sisters said “by our mules,” but higher surely than any mule could reach—the tumble-down masses of brick and mortar behind the broken walls, the great pits where the mines exploded, engulfing children by the hundred, all recall memories of heroism and yet of suffering so long endured that the heart aches, the eyes brim over with tears, and one sees all things through a mist. “There,” says a young Portuguese Sister, her big brown eyes luminous with the recollection, “there is where the Italian lieutenant was buried by a shell, and for three-quarters of an hour we could not dig him out. No, he was alive and only bruised. Ah! the young French lieutenant, that was sad! He was so good. We could but grieve over his loss.”
我們參觀羅馬和雅典，是為了驚嘆他們的壯麗遺跡，但如今讓我們感到震撼的，卻是北京這座充滿複雜記憶的城市的紀念性廢墟。十五年前，我在這裡時，沒有人會特意去參觀南堂或東堂的大教堂。而今天，那些破損、搖搖欲墜的牆壁，展現出巨大的窗口朝向東方的韃靼城，令人靜默中不禁淚流。我們無從知曉那些無眼的窗戶在去年夏天見證了多少屠殺和殉道。即便是那完好無損的北堂或北大教堂，當時也只是座精美的教堂，原本是為了替代那座慈禧太后因為覺得俯瞰她花園而反對的早期北大教堂，而那座教堂幾乎在我們上次訪問時被交付給她。然而，如今它的外牆布滿了彈痕，走廊被許多木梁支撐著，後面的樹木樹皮被啃光——一位修女說那是“我們的騾子”啃的，但顯然啃的高度遠超過騾子的能耐——而在破碎的牆壁後，倒塌的磚石堆積如山，地雷爆炸後的大坑吞噬了成百上千的兒童，這一切都讓人想起了曾經的英勇事跡，然而也喚起了長久以來的痛苦，讓人心痛欲絕，眼中滿含淚水，眼前的景象變得模糊不清。“那裡，”一位年輕的葡萄牙修女說道，她那雙棕色的大眼睛閃爍著回憶的光芒，“那裡就是那位義大利中尉被炮彈埋葬的地方，我們用了三刻鐘的時間才把他挖出來。不過，他還活著，只是受了點輕傷。啊！那位年輕的法國中尉，真讓人痛心！他真是個好人，我們只能為他的逝去感到悲傷。”
Then we pause by the grave of the Sister Superior who lay dying as the relief came in, “too late for me,” as she wrote; her one thought for days past, “What can I give them to eat to-morrow? What can I give them to eat? There is nothing left.” “The poor soldiers,” said another Sister, “they suffered so from hunger, although they tightened their belts every day. I tore all my letters into bits and made them into cigarettes. Burnt paper is better than nothing. And they had nothing to smoke. That is so hard for a soldier."
Next we paused by the great pit where so many children lie buried, blown up by the mine.
"And we think there must be another mine over there not yet discovered," said the new Sister Superior. "If not, why should that house over there have been completely shattered at the time of the explosion, if there were no mine connecting it?" The Sisters are all great authorities upon mines and shells, now. They know too which trees' leaves are poisonous, and tell how the Chinese Christians swelled and suffered, trying to sustain life by eating them. They showed the remainder of their school children; three among them had before the siege lost both their feet through footbinding. "Surely you did not sleep here, whilst the cannonading was going on?"
"We always moved about with all our tail of children after us to where they seemed to be firing less," luminous brown eyes. Then came up an old Sister of seventy-six. She too had survived the siege.
We visited the Bishop. "Did any of your Chinese recant?" "A few, very few." "I think 12,000 Christians have lost their lives," said Monseigneur Favier, "three of our European priests, four Chinese, and many of our Chinese Sisters. One priest hung on a crucifix, nailed, for three days before he died.
接著，我們停留在修女院院長（Sister Superior）的墓前，她在救援到達時奄奄一息，她寫下「對我來說已經太遲了」；她過去幾天唯一的念頭就是：「明天能給他們吃什麼？我能給他們吃什麼？什麼都不剩了。」另一位修女說：「那些可憐的士兵們，他們每天都勒緊腰帶，忍受飢餓。我把所有的信都撕碎，做成了香煙。燒紙總比什麼都沒有好。而且他們什麼煙草也沒有。這對一個士兵來說太難了。」