III OFFICIAL AND RANK DISTINCTIONS

以下是對第三章 “Official and Rank Distinctions” 內容的綱要，以表格形式呈現：

這個表格概述了第三章的主要內容，涵蓋了有關北京城內外的官職、等級及其象徵和影響力的討論。

IT is the views of the city, the first sight of the frowning walls and imposing gate towers, with the long trains of stately camels winding slowly past them; the peeps into the Forbidden City, the memory of the Temple of Heaven, that most travellers to Peking will find they recall most vividly after their departure. Although in looking at any city view one does not find the variety to be met with in Europe from lofty towers and spires, for Chinese believe that good spirits cross space at a height of a hundred feet; therefore no building can be raised up to this height for fear of obstructing them, and the pavilions surmounting the Peking city gates, all stop at 99 feet, if they even get as high. But besides these large, general views which linger longest in the memory, there are little street scenes that are not easily forgotten, and perhaps more strike and interest the new-comer: the funeral of a red button mandarin; the cortège of a high official returning from a visit to the court, or attending a meeting of one of the official boards. Men on horseback, and sometimes in carts, precede the great man; sometimes riders with hawks

城中景色，初見那皺眉般的城牆和宏偉的城樓，長長的駱駝隊緩緩經過；一瞥紫禁城（Forbidden City），天壇（Temple of Heaven）的記憶，這些是大多數來到北京的旅行者離開後會最為清晰記得的景象。雖然在觀看任何城市的景色時，並不像在歐洲那樣可以見到各種高塔和尖頂，因為中國人相信善靈會在百尺高空穿越，因此建築物不得超過這個高度，以免阻礙它們，而北京城門上的閣樓，都是停在九十九英尺，即便能達到這麼高。然而，除了這些大範圍、最久留在記憶中的景色外，還有一些小街景也不容易被遺忘，或許更能引起新來者的注意和興趣：一位紅頂官員（red button mandarin）的葬禮；高級官員從宮廷拜訪歸來的行列，或參加官方會議的場景。騎馬的男子，有時乘坐馬車，走在重要人物的前方；有時騎馬的人帶著鷹隼。

官方和官階區別

整理這些大髮髻所需的硬度和平滑度需要花費很長時間，雖然它們通常是由一把大梳子撐起，但通常是購買或製作好的，就像許多英國女士現在做髮型一樣，這些髮髻通常是用佩戴者的頭髮緊緊編織並纏繞在頭上來固定。

滿族男女都穿著長袍；在冬季，他們經常在長袍下面穿著火盆以取暖，這種效果非常不討喜。然而在其他時間裡，這種長袍卻很好，並且這種長袍為熟練的工匠所能完成的精美刺繡，或者他們的幻想所構思的圖案，提供了發揮的空間。滿族女士的外表非常引人注目，但從拜訪滿族公主轉而拜訪漢族女士時，人們不禁會感覺到自己正從一個相對粗糙的文明過渡到一個更為先進和精緻的文明。

一些人可能會對中國政府依賴的六部門有興趣。永樂皇帝（Emperor Yungloh）在1421年為每個大法庭建造了大型辦公室。這些辦公室有相同的組織結構：兩位總裁，一位漢人和一位滿族人；四位副總裁，兩位漢人和兩位滿族人。這些辦公室被稱為左右兩邊。此外，還有若干下屬，每個下屬都有特定的職責。

首先是吏部（Lih-pu，Home Office）。該辦公室負責提名所有文官（文官：他們在官袍的背後和前面繡有鳥圖案），選擇候選人，並將他們提名給皇帝；只有總裁可以提名一至七等官員。該辦公室還負責審查全國所有文官的功過，並分配他們的懲戒和處罰、獎勵和升遷。

官階和職位區別

其次是戶部（Hu-pu，Treasury），位於吏部以北的街道上，這條街道因它而得名。貢品、稅收、海關、糧食和米糧等都在其管轄範圍內，還包括帝國的寶藏和鑄幣廠。一位滿族官員被特別指派來支付他的同胞們賴以維生的養老金——直到最近，沒有滿族人被允許經商或以任何方式謀生——他隸屬於這個辦公室。這個辦公室在過去八年裡第三次於1903年被燒毀。最後一次失火時，兩位美國使館的年輕人救出了帳簿，但他們後來不確定是否有人為此感到高興。

第三個部門是禮部（Li-pu，Board of Rites），位於戶部以南，負責規範所有儀式，通知皇帝所有節日、祭祀和訪問寺廟的行程，並為這些活動做出安排。禮部的總裁可以被稱為中國的宮廷大臣，因為他負責引薦所有外國大使；他手下有所有的翻譯秘書處，並檢查所有非官員的文人，保留他們的名字清單。所有的官方印章都在這個辦公室雕刻，並由這裡決定印章的形狀和圖案。這些印章在中國的官場生活中起著極其重要的作用，對於高官來說，這些印章通常由妻子保管，而這位妻子不被允許外出。

III

OFFICIAL AND RANK DISTINCTIONS

IT is the views of the city, the first sight of the frowning walls and imposing gate towers, with the long trains of stately camels winding slowly past them; the peeps into the Forbidden City, the memory of the Temple of Heaven, that most travellers to Peking will find they recall most vividly after their departure. Although in looking at any city view one does not find the variety to be met with in Europe from lofty towers and spires, for Chinese believe that good spirits cross space at a height of a hundred feet; therefore no building can be raised up to this height for fear of obstructing them, and the pavilions surrounding the Peking city gates, all stop at 99 feet, if they even get as high. But besides these large, general views which linger longest in the memory, there are little street scenes that are not easily forgotten, and perhaps more strike and interest the new-comer: the funeral of a red button mandarin; the cortège of a high official returning from a visit to the court, or attending a meeting of one of the official boards. Men on horseback, and sometimes in carts, precede the great man; sometimes riders with hawks upon their wrists follow behind. When the Empress goes out a man with a falcon on his wrist rides always close behind her. 這座城市的景象，首先映入眼簾的是那陰沉的城牆和宏偉的城門塔樓，長長的駱駝隊伍緩緩經過；一瞥紫禁城（Forbidden City），天壇（Temple of Heaven）的記憶，這些是大多數到訪北京的旅行者在離開後最為深刻記得的畫面。雖然在觀看任何城市景觀時，並不像在歐洲那樣可以見到各種高塔和尖頂，因為中國人相信善靈會在百尺高空穿越，因此建築物不能超過這個高度，以免阻礙它們，而環繞北京城門的閣樓，最高也只有九十九英尺，即使能達到這麼高。然而，除了這些廣泛而持久的記憶外，還有一些小街景也不容易被遺忘，或許更能引起新來者的注意和興趣：一位紅頂官員（red button mandarin）的葬禮；高級官員從宮廷拜訪歸來的行列，或參加官方會議的場景。騎馬的男子，有時乘坐馬車，走在重要人物的前方；有時騎著鷹隼的人跟隨在後。當皇后出行時，一個手腕上攜帶獵鷹的男子總是緊隨其後。

New-comers are for ever asking questions about the personality and rank of these different high officials. If the great man himself is in his cart, or chariot, this is at once declared by the distance the wheels are behind the body of the chariot, which may even be as far as the horse’s head is in front. This diminishes the jolting caused by the awful state of the roads, the cart being, as it were, hung between the shafts, but it engenders a different kind of swinging motion, which makes some people feel sick, as in a mule litter. On other occasions men of the highest rank are carried in four-bearer chairs, ordinary people only being allowed to use two bearers in Peking, great though the distances are. At other times, of course but rarely, unless a Manchu, the high official rides. When it is a very grand cortège that is going along, those who go before clear the way with a long drawn out crooning cry. And when the great man rides in a sedan chair, as many servants as can hold on to the chair on either side, as if to save him in case of a fall.

Much amusement was caused in England by the news that Li Hung-chang had been deprived of his yellow riding jacket for presuming to wander in the Empress’s private garden after an audience. But in reality a yellow riding jacket is an honour like the garter in England, not an article of dress, and all the insignia of rank, like the peacock’s feather, the button, the necklace, and the breastplate, are removable at the sovereign’s pleasure. Indeed, the whole of an official’s salary is so often withdrawn during the year in amends for offences real or imaginary, that to save trouble many officials never draw their salary till the year is ended, when they get what is left. An official’s salary is in China the least part of what he receives. What renders office valuable, so that enormous sums are often paid to obtain it, are the bribes he is in a position to receive or even to extort.

A short table of the distinctions often visible in the Peking streets may here interest those who attach importance to such things, only premising first that civilians always rank above military officials; the soldiery being a specially despised class in China. 新來者總是對這些高官的個性和職級充滿好奇，不停地發問。如果這位大人物親自坐在他的馬車或戰車上，那麼車輪與車身的距離立刻就能顯示出來，這個距離甚至可以達到馬頭在前方的程度。這樣可以減少由於路況糟糕而引起的顛簸，因為馬車似乎懸掛在車軸之間，但這也導致了一種不同的搖晃感，使一些人感到不適，就像在騾子轎子裡一樣。在其他場合，最高級別的官員會乘坐四人抬的轎子，而普通人即使距離再遠也只能使用兩人抬的轎子在北京行走。當有非常隆重的儀仗隊通過時，前面的人會發出長長的哀鳴聲來清理道路。而當大人物乘坐轎子時，盡可能多的僕人會抓住轎子的兩側，就像在他跌倒時救他一樣。

當李鴻章（Li Hung-chang）因為在一次會見後擅自進入皇后的私家花園而被剝奪黃色騎馬夾克的消息傳到英國時，引起了很多人的好奇和娛樂。但事實上，黃色騎馬夾克在中國是一種榮譽，類似於英國的嘉德勳章，而不是普通的衣物，所有的官階標誌，如孔雀羽毛、頂戴、項鏈和護心鏡，都是可以由君主隨意剝奪的。事實上，一個官員的薪水通常在一年中由於真實或想像中的過錯而被扣除，以至於許多官員為了省事，通常直到年終才領取剩餘的薪水。在中國，薪水只是官員收入中最微不足道的一部分。使官位變得有價值的原因是他們所能收到甚至勒索的賄賂，這通常是巨額的，以至於人們願意花費巨資去獲得這些官職。

這裡有一個簡短的表格，列出了北京街頭常見的官銜區別，或許對那些對此類事物感興趣的人有些吸引力，首先要說明的是，在中國，文官的地位始終高於武官；士兵在中國是一個特別被鄙視的階級。 Official and Rank Distinctions.

CIVIL OFFICIALS.

FIRST RANK:

A transparent red button, ruby or other stone, a crane embroidered on back and front, jade set in rubies for girdle clasp.

SECOND RANK:

A red coral button, a golden pheasant on breast, gold set in rubies for girdle clasp.

THIRD RANK:

A sapphire button and one-eyed peacock feather, a peacock on breast, worked gold girdle clasp.

FOURTH RANK:

A blue opaque button, wild goose on breast, worked gold with a silver button for girdle clasp.

FIFTH RANK:

A crystal button, silver pheasant on breast, plain gold with silver button girdle clasp.

SIXTH RANK:

An opaque white shell button with blue plume, an egret on breast, mother-of-pearl clasp.

SEVENTH RANK:

A plain gold button, mandarin duck on breast, clasp of silver.

EIGHTH RANK:

A worked gold button, a quail on breast, clear horn clasp.

NINTH RANK:

A worked silver button, long-tailed jay on breast, buffalo’s clasp.

MILITARY OFFICIALS.

Military men of corresponding rank wear the same buttons and clasps, but on breast.

FIRST RANK:

An unicorn.

SECOND RANK:

The lion of India.

THIRD RANK:

A leopard.

FOURTH RANK:

A tiger.

FIFTH RANK:

A bear.

SIXTH RANK:

A tiger cat.

SEVENTH RANK:

A mottled bear.

EIGHTH RANK:

A seal.

NINTH RANK:

A rhinoceros.

All under the ninth rank can embroider the oriole on their breasts, and unofficial Hanlin wear the egret.### 文官及軍官官銜區別

文官 (Civil Officials)

武官 (Military Officials)

• 第九品以下：可在胸前繡繡有黃鸝，非官方翰林穿白鷺。

All through China dress is changed as by order. There are six changes of attire every self-respecting man must wear according to the season, heavy furs in the depth of winter, then light furs, then wadded garments; after these come lined clothes, unlined, and finally what they call summer clothes, made out of what we call China grass, such a very cool, agreeable wear in hot weather, it is a wonder it is not introduced into England seeing how people pant and groan in London with the thermometer at 80°. No one could pant or groan wearing grass cloth, for it is like linen, cool, and the air so permeates it that it seems to create a draught cooled by passing through it. It is made in white and in blue, and its one drawback for the English market is that it never wears out.

There are caps made of plaited bamboo, lightly covered with silk outside—in the height of summer none but officials wear caps—there are the ordinary black-covered lined caps, and there are fur-trimmed caps, and fur caps. On the same day, all through the vast Empire stretching over as many degrees of latitude as Europe, men change from one cap to another, from one style of clothes to another. Before the day for changing, all the tailors may be seen hard at work cutting out and pasting the edges of the new suits. The Chinese cut for jackets may be considered perfect as far as convenience goes; many people think them also peculiarly elegant, owing to the sleeve not being inserted above the shoulder, as with us, but about halfway between the shoulder and the elbow, thus avoiding all that tightness at the armhole that calls for dress-preservers and the like with us.

The Manchu dress is, however, most in evidence in Peking. The women, not having their feet mutilated like their Chinese fellow-subjects, walk about freely like the men, and at once this adds life and interest to the streets of Peking. The Manchu women are for the most part buxom and well grown, with fine, rosy cheeks. Chinese women, unable to move, are generally pasty-faced. One can understand their trying to remedy this defect by rouge, but it is difficult to understand why the fine-complexioned Manchu women rouge too, and yet more violently. The present Empress—not the Dowager, who is apparently young and good-looking by reason of her immense vitality without resorting to any adventitious aids—was raddled all over on the one occasion on which I saw her, and the court ladies horrible to look upon from the same cause. All Manchu women wear very high clogs, and the national hairdressing of two very large bows projecting on either side of the head. Into this they stick as many flowers and pins and ornaments as can well be placed there. The whole must be very heavy, and necessitates a very dignified carriage of the head.

在中國各地，服裝隨季節而變化。每個自尊的男子都必須根據季節穿戴不同的服飾：在冬天的深處穿厚重的皮毛衣物，接著換成輕便的皮毛，再接著是棉襖；之後是襯有內襯的衣物，接下來是無襯裏的衣服，最後是所謂的夏裝，這些衣物是用我們稱為「中國草」的材料製成的，在炎熱的天氣裡穿著非常涼爽舒適。這種材料在英格蘭還未引進，實在令人驚訝，畢竟倫敦的溫度計到達80°F時，人們喘氣嘆息，而穿著這種草布衣服的人根本不會感到熱，因為這種布料如同亞麻布般涼爽，空氣能夠自由穿過布料，使得布料本身形成一股經過的冷風。這種草布有白色和藍色，對於英國市場來說，唯一的缺點就是它太耐穿，幾乎不會磨損。

中國有用編織竹子輕輕覆蓋絲綢製成的帽子——在炎熱的夏季，只有官員才會戴帽子——還有普通的黑色襯裏帽、毛皮鑲邊的帽子，以及毛皮帽子。在這片橫跨與歐洲相當緯度的廣袤帝國中，當天裡，人們從一種帽子換到另一種帽子，從一種服裝樣式換到另一種。在換裝前一天，所有的裁縫都在忙著裁剪和黏貼新衣服的邊緣。中國的外套剪裁被認為是非常便利的；許多人也認為它非常優雅，因為袖子並不像我們的衣服那樣插在肩膀上方，而是大約在肩膀和肘部之間，這樣避免了腋下過緊的感覺，也不需要像我們那樣使用腋下護墊。

然而，滿族服飾在北京最為常見。滿族女性不像其他中國婦女那樣受過纏足之苦，她們可以像男人一樣自由行走，這使得北京的街道充滿了生氣和趣味。滿族女性大多豐滿健康，擁有紅潤的面頰。相反的，中國婦女由於行動不便，通常臉色蒼白。可以理解她們試圖通過塗胭脂來掩蓋這一缺陷，但很難理解為何膚色極好的滿族婦女也會塗胭脂，並且塗得更為濃重。現任皇后（不是太后），似乎年輕健康，因其強大的活力顯得容光煥發，而不需要依賴任何外在的修飾——但我曾見過她一次，當時她全身都塗滿了胭脂，皇宮的女士們因同樣原因也變得難以直視。所有的滿族婦女都穿著非常高的木屐，她們的民族髮型是在頭部兩側突出兩個大蝴蝶結，這些蝴蝶結上插滿了花朵、髮針和飾品，使得整個髮型非常沉重，必須保持非常端莊的姿態才能承受住這個重量。

It takes so long to arrange these great bows of hair with the necessary stiffness and smoothness, that although they are always stuck out by a big comb, they are commonly bought or made up, as so many English ladies now make up their hair, and attached to the head by a plait of the wearer’s hair twisted tightly round.

Manchus, men and women alike, wear a long gown; when, as frequently in winter, they wear a brazier underneath it for warmth, the effect is very unpleasing. But at other times it is good, and this long gown gives scope for the most exquisite embroideries that skilful hands can execute or fancies, not otherwise occupied, devise. The appearance of Manchu ladies is very impressive, but going from Manchu princesses to call upon Chinese ladies, one could not but feel that one was passing from a somewhat rough civilisation to one far more advanced and refined.

Some people may care for a short account of the six boards on which the government of China depends. The Emperor Yungloh, in 1421, built big offices for each of the grander Tribunals. They have all the same organisation: Two Presidents, one Chinese and one Manchu; four vice-presidents, two Chinese and two Manchu. Right and left these are called. There are besides several subordinates, each with his special duty. First, there is the Lih-pu, or Home Office. This office nominates all civil officials (Wen-kwan: they wear a bird embroidered on a square on back and front of their official robes), selects candidates, and proposes them to the Emperor; the Presidents alone nominating those from the first to the seventh rank. This office also judges of the merits or demerits of all civil officials throughout the Empire, and apportions their reprimands and punishments, rewards and promotions.

Second, there is the Hu-pu, or Treasury, to the north of the preceding, in the street to which it gives its name. Tribute, taxes, custom houses, the grain and rice of the Government are all under its control, also the treasure of the Empire and the Mints. A Manchu official, specially appointed to pay the pensions upon which his countrymen subsist—till lately no Manchu was allowed to engage in business, or try to earn his own living in any way—is attached to this office, which was burnt down in 1903 for the third time in eight years. On the last occasion the accounts were saved by two young men attached to the U.S. Legation, who did not feel sure afterwards that any one was glad of this.

Third, the Li-pu, or Board of Rites, to the south of the Hu-pu, regulates all ceremonies, notifies the Emperor of all festivals, sacrifices, and visits to temples, and makes all arrangements for them. Its President may be called the Chinese Lord Chamberlain, for he introduces all foreign Ministers; he has under him all the secretariate for translations, and examines all the literati, who are not officials, keeping the list of their names. All official seals are engraved in this office, which also decides upon the shape and device. These seals play a great part in Chinese official life, and in the case of higher officials are always understood to be kept by the wife, who, being in charge of them, is not supposed to go out.

Fourth, the Ping-pu: Horseguards, War Office, Admiralty, and Imperial Couriers Office, all in one. All army and navy officers (Wu-kwan: with a quadrupled, instead of a bird, on back and front) are appointed by this office; infantry, cavalry, and navy are directed and organised by it. This office must provide horses, arms of all kinds, and powder magazines, and having no money of its own, draws upon the Hu-pu. It furnishes escorts for foreigners, and all couriers to communicate with the provinces are sent out by it alone. It is to the west of the offices previously named in a row parallel to them.

Fifth, the dreaded Hsing-pu, or Board of Punishments, near the Tribunals in the West Tartar City, has walls seven feet high, very thick and surmounted by thorns; this is the general prison for all great criminals. The Emperor alone has the right to condemn to death, and all death sentences pass through his hands. But for certain crimes, robbery, rebellion, or murder, Viceroys, or even minor officials, at once behead the culprits; they must, however, then notify the Emperor through this Board, and great criminals are as a rule sent to Peking to be judged by this office, after which, subject to the Emperor's approval, the sentence is executed. When, as sometimes happens, this office dares not decide, the matter is referred to the Supreme Tribunal, the Chao-chang within, the Imperial Palace. The executions are as a rule outside the Shun-chih Men, through which gate accordingly the Emperor never passes.

Sixth, the Board of Public Works, to the south of the Ping-pu, just outside the southern gate of the Imperial city, superintends all state buildings, palaces, temples, barracks, granaries, bridges, and roads.

Besides the six Boards there are many others, a few of which may be worth mentioning. The Tsung-jen-fu, presided over by princes named by the Emperor, and the greatest Tribunal of all, occupies itself exclusively with the affairs of the Imperial Family and persons of the blood royal, entitled to wear the yellow girdle, and therefore called Hwang-tai-tse. It can even try Princes of the blood.

The Nei-wu-fu, devoted entirely to the Emperor and his court. All that the Emperor requires ought to be furnished him by the Nei-wu-fu, which has its special store of treasure, like a sort of privy purse. If the Empress wants money she informs this Board, which, if it has not got it, arranges to get it either from the Hu-pu or elsewhere. If needs must the Viceroys are required to replenish the coffers.

The Tu-ch'a Yuen, Board of Censors, has a President, but the censors are appointed or degraded by the Lih-pu like other officials. Every Board, every quarter of the city, and every Province has its censor. They can speak of everything and every one, and wonderful instances are on record of their veracity and courage in the past. Yet, alas! now some speak of them as a Board of Blackmail. Under the Mings this office was to the west of the Shun-chih Men, but it has been rebuilt to the south of the Hsing-pu.

The Nei-ko, or Grand Secretariat, where the Imperial decrees are elaborated and the Imperial seals affixed. Under the Mings eunuchs used to carry the decrees to this Board, now officials of high rank are appointed for the purpose. It is not necessary to reside in Peking to be a member of the Nei-ko. The four members have all the rank of Viceroy, and the chief of them is generally reckoned the most influential man in the Empire.

The Tsung-li-yamen, or Board of Foreign Affairs, was created when foreigners came in increasing numbers, in order to serve as a sort of middleman or stopgap between them and any Board they might wish to apply to. It was in the East Tartar City, and having been found eminently unsatisfactory, the Wai-wu-pu has been established to take its place in an adjacent street in the same quarter, and is already found quite equally obstructive.

The Grand Council meets every day in the Palace between 3 and 6 a.m., is presided over by a Prince, and is composed of eight members, but the Emperor may summon as many as he pleases. They deliberate with the Emperor upon affairs of state. All the Boards are so mutually interdependent, that they keep a close watch upon each other, and each is obliged to act with great prudence for fear of being denounced.

Peking is also the seat of the Inspectorate General of Maritime Customs, and the Inspectorate General of Chinese Imperial Posts. Sir Robert Hart, Bart., G.C.M.G., junior guardian of the Heir Apparent, is at the head of both. The buildings are in course of construction; that they are within the Legation Quarter testifies to their being the Chinese Foreign Customs, no Chinese being allowed to establish themselves within it.

This service is of special interest to foreigners, as it is entirely officered by foreigners, no Chinese being allowed to occupy posts of direction in it, although Japanese and men of pretty well every other nationality may. The reason for this is that it has to deal largely with money, and of too many Chinese it may be said, to quote a former adviser of my own, now, alas! dead, "No must have money in his handee."

The Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs are now established even as far as 1,500 miles up country, and exercise an immense influence over the destinies of China. They collect and send to Peking the money that used to go into the pockets of local governors and viceroys, or be used for the improvement of the provinces they rule over. Unfortunately the knowledge of this large sum collected is still a temptation; it has all been mortgaged since 1900 to pay China's indemnity, and possibly was one of the causes leading to the late Japan and China war.

Sir Robert Hart has further increased his already far-reaching sphere of influence by establishing an Imperial Post pretty well all through China. As long as this is well administered it would be difficult to exaggerate its educational influence; newspapers and pamphlets are now reaching remote cities hitherto steeped in outer ignorance. And for this reason, if for no other, the name of Sir Robert Hart will probably be held in high honour throughout China long after the man himself has, or has not, carried out his intention of going to heaven via London, not direct from Peking.

So far as saunters round our garden were concerned, Sir Robert Hart played a very central part indeed. His pretty shady garden formed a gathering point for all the foreigners in Peking at least once a week, when the proceedings wound up with a dance upon the greensward, and a march round of the Chinese band playing "God Save the King." At the end of each season a photograph is taken, and a collection of these photographs would probably show all the rank and fashion of foreign Peking society for years past.

滿族婦女的髮型和服飾

這些巨大的髮髻需要花費相當長的時間來安排，使其達到所需的硬度和平滑度。儘管它們通常由大梳子支撐，但這些髮髻通常是購買或製作好的，就像許多英國女士現在打理她們的頭髮一樣，這些髮髻通常由佩戴者的頭髮緊緊編織並纏繞在頭上來固定。